June 2017
Carlos Ulloa
1,*, María Elena Arce
1, Guillermo Rey
1, José Luis Míguez
2 and José Hernández
3
1 Defense University Center, Escuela Naval Militar, 36920 Marín, Spain; elena.arce@cud.uvigo.es (M.E.A.);
guillermo.rey@uvigo.es (G.R.)
2 Industrial Engineering School, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
jmiguez@uvigo.es
3 Armada Española, Escuela Naval Militar, 36920 Marín, Spain; jherse2@fn.mde.es
* Correspondence: carlos.ulloa@cud.uvigo.es; Tel.: +34-986-804-931
Academic Editor: Hua Li
Received: 1 June 2017; Accepted: 14 June 2017; Published: 17 June 2017
AbstractIt is thought that there are 14 million standardised sea containers out of order, equal
to 23.3 million twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEU), which could be devoted for other purposes.
The COR-TEN®steel containers are the best, due to the features of the materials, to be used in
applications intended for the accommodation of people. One of the uses is framed in the area of
humanitarian help, as service modules in areas of social emergency. Moreover, the deployment of
these kinds of modules is quite simple, as the Army is generally able to transport containers in its
units. In this project we have selected three typologies of service modules and we have designed
modules based on sea containers which can fit into these typologies. The container chosen to be
recycled is the 1 TEU, to which the closings and divisions are defined, which must reflect the different
typologies of the service modules chosen. Afterwards, a study of thermal charges is carried out on
three different settings of service modules located in five locations spread in different climate areas.
Throughout a thermal simulation in Trnsys® (V17, Thermal Energy System Specialists, LLC, Madison,
WI, USA), the consumption and maximum demand of heat and cold are analysed. Based on these
results, the best equipment to cover the energy demand of the modules analysed in this study could
be chosen. Moreover, the results can be used to estimate the operational costs of the deployment of
the modules.